What is non pulmonary tuberculosis?

What is non pulmonary tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease of global importance, with a rising incidence in the developed world in recent years. Tuberculous lymphadenitis, tuberculous meningitis, osteoarticular tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis are some of the more well-recognised manifestations of non-pulmonary TB in childhood.

What is the difference between pulmonary and tuberculosis?

The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious, airborne infection that destroys body tissue. Pulmonary TB occurs when M. tuberculosis primarily attacks the lungs. However, it can spread from there to other organs.

Why does extrapulmonary tuberculosis occur?

Also known as generalized hematogenous TB, miliary TB occurs when a tuberculous lesion erodes into a blood vessel, disseminating millions of tubercle bacilli into the bloodstream and throughout the body. Uncontrolled massive dissemination can occur during primary infection or after reactivation of a latent focus.

How is non pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis

1. Mycobacterial stain and culture. A definitive diagnosis of TB can only be made by culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms from a specimen obtained from the patient.
2. Biopsy.
3. Body fluid examination.
4. Nucleic acid amplification test.
5. Immunological tests.

Is non pulmonary TB infectious?

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that occurs in organ systems other than the lungs. Epidemiological risk factors include birth in high TB-prevalent countries, exposure at place of residence/work in an institutional setting, and homelessness.

What are the symptoms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, malaise, and often progressive dyspnea. Intermittent dissemination of tubercle bacilli may lead to a prolonged fever of unknown origin (FUO). Bone marrow involvement may cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, or a leukemoid reaction.

What are the types of extrapulmonary TB?

The most common forms of extrapulmonary TB are:

1. Lymph node TB. This is the most common form of extrapulmonary TB.
2. Pleural TB. Pleural TB is TB of the thin skin surrounding the lungs.
3. TB of the bone and the joint.
4. TB of the central nervous system.
5. TB of other places.

What is the difference between pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis?

When it affects the lungs, it’s called pulmonary TB. TB outside of the lung is called extrapulmonary TB.

What is the extra pulmonary TB?

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that occurs in organ systems other than the lungs. Epidemiologic risk factors include birth in high TB-prevalent countries, exposure at place of residence/work in an institutional setting, and homelessness.

Is there such a thing as extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

CT scan of peritoneal tuberculosis, with thickened omentum and peritoneal surfaces. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculosis (TB) within another location in the body than the lungs. This occurs in 15–20% of active cases, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as “extrapulmonary tuberculosis”.

What is the medical term for pulmonary tuberculosis?

The Classical Chinese word ao 癆 “consumption; tuberculosis” was the common name in traditional Chinese medicine and fèijiéhé 肺結核 (lit. “lung knot kernel”) “pulmonary tuberculosis” is the modern medical term.

How often does tuberculosis spread outside the lungs?

In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as “extrapulmonary tuberculosis”. Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in people with a weakened immune system and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases.

What kind of tuberculosis does miliary tuberculosis have?

Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that is the result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis travelling to extrapulmonary organs, such as the liver, spleen and kidneys.