What factors contribute to cancer development?

What factors contribute to cancer development?

General risk factors for cancer include:

• Older age.
• A personal or family history of cancer.
• Using tobacco.
• Obesity.
• Alcohol.
• Some types of viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Specific chemicals.
• Exposure to radiation, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

What causes the first stage in the development of a cancerous growth?

Initiation, the first stage, is when initial cell mutation occurs. It may involve one or more cellular changes that are either spon- taneous or started by exposure to a carcinogen. These changes create a potential for the affected cell and its daughter cells to develop into a cancer cell.

What are the 8 lifestyle factors that contribute to cancer?

The important lifestyle factors that affect the incidence and mortality of cancer include tobacco, alcohol, diet, obesity, infectious agents, environmental pollutants, and radiation.

What are the 4 major stages of cancer development?

Stage I means the cancer is small and only in one area. This is also called early-stage cancer. Stage II and III mean the cancer is larger and has grown into nearby tissues or lymph nodes. Stage IV means the cancer has spread to other parts of your body.

What are the 5 major risk factors for cancer?

The most common risk factors for cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals, and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight.

What is the most important risk factor for cancer?

Tobacco smoking is overwhelmingly the most significant risk factor for cancer and across the board for chronic diseases. Diet, exercise, and alcohol use also cut across the diseases, and they are significant contributors to cancer, but more significant to other conditions.

What are the three steps of carcinogenesis?

The process of carcinogenesis may be divided into at least three stages: initiation, promotion, and progression.

What is abnormal cell growth called?

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer develops when the body’s normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells. These extra cells may form a mass of tissue, called a tumor.

What are 4 uncontrollable risk factors for cancer?

Limiting your exposure to avoidable risk factors may lower your risk of developing certain cancers.

• Age.
• Alcohol.
• Cancer-Causing Substances.
• Chronic Inflammation.
• Diet.
• Hormones.
• Immunosuppression.
• Infectious Agents.

How are growth factors related to the development of cancer?

The growth factor requirements of many tumor cells are reduced compared to their normal counterparts, contributing to the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. In some cases, cancer cells produce growth factors that stimulate their own proliferation (Figure 15.9).

Which is a new risk factor for cancer?

In the past decade, overweight and obesity have emerged as new risk factors for developing certain cancers, including but not limited to colorectal, breast, uterine corpus (endometrial), pancreas, and kidney cancers. 8 The impact of the current weight trends on cancer incidence will not be fully known for several decades.

How is the built environment a risk factor for cancer?

The built environment can also influence behaviors that raise one’s risk of cancer. For example, people who live in neighborhoods that lack affordable healthy foods or safe areas for exercise are more likely to have poor diets, be physically inactive, and obese, all of which are risk factors for cancer.

What are the most common causes of cancer?

Common Causes. Cancer develops when there are changes to the DNA (mutations) within a cell that allows it to grow out of control. The cancerous cells then can crowd out normal cells or invade body tissues. Radiation, cancer-causing substances, infections, and your genetic makeup can raise your risk of these mutations resulting in cancer.