What causes Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis? Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is caused by pyogenic infection of the kidney, usually secondary to staghorn calculi (70% of cases), most commonly by Proteus or E. coli.
What causes Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is caused by pyogenic infection of the kidney, usually secondary to staghorn calculi (70% of cases), most commonly by Proteus or E. coli.
What is Xanthogranulomatous?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon chronic destructive granulomatous process of renal parenchyma in association with long-term urinary tract obstruction and infection. It affects females more often than males, with a wide range of age, from newborn to elderly.
What is Xgp?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of the kidney characterised by an infectious phlegmon arising in the renal parenchyma. It is seen in patients who have urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and immunocompromised status.
What is Pyonephrosis kidney?
Pyonephrosis—pus in the renal pelvis—results from urinary tract obstruction in the presence of pyelonephritis. Purulent exudate (inflammatory cells, infectious organisms, and necrotic, sloughed urothelium) collects in the hydronephrotic collecting system (“pus under pressure”) and forms an abscess.
How common is Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is a rare entity and constitutes less than 1% of chronic pyelonephritis. It mainly occurs in adults with preponderance in females of younger age group. It usually involves single kidney and is associated with renal stones in 2/3 of cases and con-comitant infection with E.
What are the symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?
Symptoms & Causes of Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)
- chills.
- fever.
- pain in your back, side, or groin.
- nausea.
- vomiting.
- cloudy, dark, bloody, or foul-smelling urine.
- frequent, painful urination.
How do you get an abscess on your kidney?
A renal abscess can be caused by bacteria from an infection that’s gotten to the kidneys. The bacteria can travel through the blood or in urine backing up into the kidney. In the kidney, the bacteria can spread to the kidney tissue. A renal abscess is not a common disease.
Is nephritis a kidney disease?
Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys. It has a range of causes and can be acute or chronic. Early symptoms may include changes in the color of the urine and swelling of the hands and feet. Anyone who notices changes in their urine should visit a doctor to check for kidney damage.
What is the hallmark complication of pyelonephritis?
Complications known to occur from acute pyelonephritis include sepsis, acute renal failure, renal scarring, and renal transplant pyelonephritis. (
What is the best treatment for pyelonephritis?
Outpatient oral antibiotic therapy with a fluoroquinolone is successful in most patients with mild uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Other effective alternatives include extended-spectrum penicillins, amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium, cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Is nephritis a disease?
Nephritis (also called glomerulonephritis) is a group of diseases that cause inflammation (swelling) of the nephrons. This can reduce your kidney’s ability to filter waste from your blood. What causes nephritis? Most types of nephritis are caused by your body’s immune system reacting to an ‘insult’ of some sort.
How is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis treated in the US?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon histologic variant of the kidney for patients who are surgically treated for pyelonephritis. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important for decreasing morbidity and mortality. Although radical surgery is the main treatment of choice for patients …
How does xanthogranulouloulomatous pyelonephritis resemble clear cell renal carcinoma?
The foam cells of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis can resemble clear cell renal carcinoma, and the fibroblastic response can resemble a spindle-cell neoplasm. The bubbly microvesicular fat of the foam cells contrasts with the cleared-out cytoplasm that is characteristic of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Which is the best treatment for pyelonephritis in the kidney?
Surgical nephrectomy is the treatment of choice. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is the inflammatory sequela of a suppurative pyogenic infection in an obstructed kidney, usually caused by staghorn calculi (70% of cases). It is usually unilateral, and Proteus species and E. coli are the most common infective agents.
What kind of nephrectomy do you need for XGP?
Most cases of XGP are unilateral, but bilateral disease has been reported. Bilateral nephrectomy and long-term dialysis is a treatment option in such cases. Although Perez et al described successful treatment with partial nephrectomies in 1 patient, [ 5] bilateral XGP is usually fatal. (See Treatment .)