What are the types of fitting that affect head loss?

What are the types of fitting that affect head loss?

Hydraulic energy can be lost in a valve or fitting in four ways: friction between the moving fluid and the internal surface….The three common methods for calculating the head loss in valves and fittings are:

• the K method.
• the L/D coefficient (pronounced L over D)
• the CV (pronounced C sub V)

How do you calculate head loss in a pipe?

How to calculate head loss:

1. Head Loss (Pc) = [Equiv. pipe length + Installation pipe length] x Pc % / 100 x Corrector.
2. Equivalent pipe length. This refers to the equivalent length of the non-straight pipework when compared to straight pipes (in metres).
3. Installation pipe length.
4. Pc % and Corrector.

Does head loss increase with diameter?

If the length of the pipe is doubled, the head loss will double. If the inside pipe diameter is doubled, the head loss will be reduced by half. If the flow rate is doubled, the head loss increases by a factor of four.

What is the main reason losses are created at fittings in pipe systems?

2.2. Head losses are due to the frictional resistance of the piping system (pipe, valves, fittings, entrance, and exit losses). Unlike velocity head, friction head cannot be ignored in system calculations. Values vary as the square of the flow rate. Head losses can be a significant portion of the total head.

Is head Loss positive or negative?

We know that the head loss must be positive so we can assume a flow direction and compute the head loss. If the head loss is negative, we have assumed the incorrect direction.

Is head loss always positive?

If there are no irreversible losses in the flow, any heat added will increase the internal energy of the fluid. Thus, it turns out that the head loss term is always positive for any real flow, i.e.

What is head loss formula?

Head loss is express by Darcy -Weisbach equation: hL = f. L. D. v2.

What is head loss measured in?

It can be easily measured in hydraulic loops. The pressure loss coefficient can be defined or measured for both straight pipes and especially for local (minor) losses. Using data from below mentioned example, the pressure loss coefficient (only frictional from straight pipe) is equal to ξ = fDL/DH = 4.9.

Which is the most significant parameter in the calculation of head loss?

In the practical analysis of piping systems the quantity of most importance is the pressure loss due to viscous effects along the length of the system, as well as additional pressure losses arising from other technological equipments like, valves, elbows, piping entrances, fittings and tees.

What is the formula for head loss?

Determining the pipe diameter when the pipe length and flow rate are given for a specified pressure drop. hf = f L d v2 2g = 0,0225 500 0.2 6,42 2·9,81 = 117 m For inclined pipe the head loss is hf = ∆p ρg +z1 −z2 = ∆p ρg +Lsin10o. So pressure drop is ∆p = ρg(hf −500·sin 10o) = 900·9,81·(117−87) = 265·103.

What is K value in head loss?

The K-value represents the multiple of velocity heads that will be lost by fluid passing through the fitting. It is more accurate than the Equivalent Length method, as it can be characterised against varying flow conditions (i.e. Reynold Number).

What happens if head loss is negative?

If the head loss is negative, we have assumed the incorrect direction.

How are valves and fittings affect head loss?

Regardless of the method used to arrive at a K value for a valve or fitting, Equation 8 is used to calculate the head loss resulting from valves and fittings. When multiple valves and fittings in a pipeline have the same diameter, the K values for each valve or fitting can be added.

How to calculate total head loss from fittings?

The total head loss for the system is the addition of the head loss from the pipe and the fittings. In the above example we first calculated the head loss for a single fitting and then multiplied by the number of fittings. It is also correct to add or multiply the K-values of fittings and then covert to a pressure or head loss.

How is head loss related to flow velocity?

The head loss that occurs in pipes is dependent on the flow velocity, pipe length and diameter, and a friction factor based on the roughness of the pipe and the Reynolds number of the flow. The head loss that occurs in the components of a flow path can be correlated to a piping length that would cause an equivalent head loss.

How to calculate minor losses in pipe fittings?

Minor losses, on the other hand, are due to pipe fittings, changes in the flow direction, and changes in the flow area. Due to the complexity of the piping system and the number of fittings that are used, the head loss coefficient (K) is empirically derived as a quick means of calculating the minor head losses. 2. Practical Application