Why do aromatic amines cause bladder cancer? Aromatic amines contaminate the ambient air as a component of environmental tobacco smoke. There is increasing evidence that the excess of bladder cancer in smokers is attributable to
Why do aromatic amines cause bladder cancer?
Aromatic amines contaminate the ambient air as a component of environmental tobacco smoke. There is increasing evidence that the excess of bladder cancer in smokers is attributable to aromatic amines rather than to other contaminants of tobacco smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
Which parasite can increase the risk of developing urinary bladder cancer?
Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharziasis), an infection with a parasitic worm that can get into the bladder, is also a risk factor for bladder cancer. In countries where this parasite is common (mainly in Africa and the Middle East), squamous cell cancers of the bladder are much more common.
What are primary aromatic amines?
PAA are a group of chemical substances from the wider group of amines. PAA specifically carry an aromatic residue. They are used industrially, for example to manufacture azo dyes and certain polymers. We know that certain PAA present a toxicological concern as they have been identified as carcinogenic.
Why are aromatic amines less basic?
The hydrogen attached or the alkyl groups are electron donating groups. And due to this reason the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen are easily available. Whereas, the aromatic groups are known to be the electron withdrawing group, which means that they have lower basic strength in comparison with the alkyl groups.
Which aromatic amines are highly toxic?
Anilines. Aromatic amines can cause methaemoglobinemia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, hepatotoxicity, skin hypersensitivity and increased risk of mutagenicity. There are two principal mechanisms of aniline toxicity. The first is oxidation of the aromatic ring ortho or para to the aniline nitrogen as in Scheme 1.15 …
What are the two types of aromatic amines?
Amines are further divided into aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines: Aliphatic amine: An amine in which nitrogen is bonded only to alkyl groups. Aromatic amine: An amine in which nitrogen is bonded to one or more aryl groups. Heterocyclic amine: An amine in which nitrogen is one of the atoms of a ring.